- Collect and preserve traditional scriptures, literature, manuscripts, documents; and modern books published on or about Bhutan;
- Collect and preserve nation’s all literary output under Legal Deposit Act; and work as a national depository library for all literary works published in a country;
- Produce a national bibliography as well as retrospective national bibliographies and function as the main national bibliographic agency;
- Provide facilities of research and other academic pursuits and make the knowledge resources available to the public;
- Provide consultation to institutions in Bhutan on the establishment of libraries including formulation of standards for libraries; and provide practical training of library management system to library professionals;
- Survey, document/ digitize old and rare books and manuscripts/documents;
- Preserve, conserve and archive old and rare books and manuscripts/documents; and provide consultation on archiving;
- Maintain xylographic woodblock carving tradition and preserve carved xylographic blocks;
- Undertake research and documentation of intangible cultural heritage for future preservation;
- Publish works resulted from research and documentation programmes;
- Provide reading, referencing and consulting services to researchers, writers and other users.